Thoracic anaesthesia specializes in safe and effective anaesthesia for lung, esophageal, and chest operations. Improved one-lung ventilation methods, minimal invasive anaesthesia delivery, and multimodal pain control enhance patient safety and comfort. Perioperative monitoring, lung protective ventilation, and individualized anesthetic protocols decrease complications and maximize surgical outcomes. Multidisciplinary collaboration between anesthesiologists, surgeons, and critical care teams guarantees enhanced recovery and functional outcomes of the patient.