Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are a new paradigm in perioperative care. They are evidence-based pathways designed to optimize each phase of the surgical process-from preoperative optimization to postoperative recovery-to reduce stress on the patient and enhance recovery. Elements of ERAS are preoperative nutrition, multimodal analgesia, early mobilization, and minimally invasive surgical methods. By consistently applying these measures, hospitals have noted decreases in complications, decreased lengths of hospital stay, and more rapid return to normal function. Success of ERAS is based on a multidisciplinary effort with surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and rehabilitation specialists communicating with each other. Patient empowerment and education are important in compliance with the protocols. Through the integration of maximized surgical methods with organized perioperative care, ERAS protocols maximize patient satisfaction and safety and are thus a critical element of contemporary surgical care. ERAS is being implemented across hospitals globally to enhance the outcomes of colorectal, orthopedic, gynecologic, and cardiac procedures, demonstrating its universality and efficacy.