Lung transplantation provides life-saving therapy for end-stage pulmonary disease patients. Surgical advances, such as minimally invasive techniques, enhanced donor-recipient matching, and maximal organ preservation, have improved outcomes and survival. Perioperative care, immunosuppression, and postoperative rehabilitation are essential to success. Multidisciplinary teams optimize patient selection, surgical accuracy, and long-term care to enhance survival and quality of life in transplant recipients.